Narrative text
Genereric structure narrative text
Setiap jenis teks bahasa Inggris (genre) memiliki struktur teks-nya sendiri-sendiri. Struktur dari Narrative Text terdiri dari tiga bagian yaitu :
1. Orientation.
Orientation merupakan bagian awal dari narrative text in English. Pada bagian
ini, tokoh-tokoh dalam cerita diperkenalkan. Selain itu, waktu dan tempat
terjadinya cerita juga dijelaskan.
2. Complication.
Complication merupakan bagian dari narrative text in English yang mengungkapkan
masalah atau konflik yang terjadi pada tokoh utama dalam teks.
3. Resolution
Resolution merupakan
bagian dari narrative text in English yang berisi tentang penyelesaian masalah
yang terjadi pada tokoh utama dalam teks. Bagian ini dapat berupa akhir yang
baik, atau sebaliknya.
4. Reorientation
Reorientation merupakan akhir
dari cerita narrative text yang biasanya memuat tentang akhir kisah /
ceritanya, biasanya happy ending atau sad ending.
"Snow
White"
Once upon a time there lived
a little girl named Snow White. She lived with her Aunt and Uncle because her
parents were dead. One day she heard her Uncle and Aunt talking about leaving
Snow White in the castle because they both wanted to go to America and they
didn’t have enough money to take Snow White. Snow White did not want her Uncle
and Aunt to do this so she decided it would be best if she ran away. The next
morning she ran away from home when her Aunt and Uncle were having breakfast.
She ran away into the woods. Then she saw this little cottage. She knocked but
no one answered so she went inside and fell asleep. Meanwhile, the seven dwarfs
were coming home from work. They went inside. There they found Snow White
sleeping. Then Snow White woke up. She saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs said, “what
is your name?” Snow White said, “My name is Snow White.” Doc, one of the
dwarfs, said, “If you wish, you may live here with us.” Snow White said, “Oh
could I? Thank you.” Then Snow White told the dwarfs the whole story and Snow
White and the 7 dwarfs lived happily ever after.
PEMBAHASAN GENERIC STRUCTURE
NARRATIVE TEXT –
Struktur Teks
Snow White (Putri Salju)
Orientation Once upon a time
there lived a little girl named Snow White. She lived with her Aunt and Uncle
because her parents were dead. (Terjemahan - Alkisah hidup seorang gadis kecil
bernama Putri Salju. Dia hidup dengan bibi dan pamannya karena kedua orang
tuanya sudah tiada ketika Putri Salju masih kecil)
Complication 1 One day she heard her Uncle and
Aunt talking about leaving Snow White in the castle because they both wanted to
go to America and they didn’t have enough money to take Snow White. (Terjemahan
– Suatu hari dia mendengar paman dan bibinya berbicara untuk meninggalkan Putri
Salju di istananya karena mereka berdua ingin pergi ke America dan mereka tidak
mempunyai cukup uang untuk membawa Si Putri Salju)
Resolution
Snow White did not want her Uncle and Aunt to
do this so she decided it would be best if she ran away. The next morning she
ran away from home when her Aunt and Uncle were having breakfast. She ran away
into the woods. (Terjemahan – Putri Salju tidak mau paman dan bibinya
memperlakukan dia seperti ini, lalu dia memutuskan untuk kabur dari istananya.
Keesokan paginya dia kabur dari rumah ketika bibi dan pamannya sedang sarapan
dan Putri Salju pun lari ke hutan)
Complication
Then she saw this little cottage. She
knocked but no one answered so she went inside and fell asleep. (Terjemahan –
Lalu dia melihat sebuah pondok kecil ditengah hutan. Dia mengetuk pondok
tersebut tetapi tak seorang pun membalasnya lalu dia masuk ke dalam dan tidur
di pondok tersebut)
Resolution Meanwhile, the seven dwarfs
were coming home from work. They went inside. There they found Snow White
sleeping. Then Snow White woke up. She saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs said, “what
is your name?” Snow White said, “My name is Snow White.”
Reorientation Happy ending.
Long time ago a remote village, in central China was inhabited
mainly with farmers and hunters. One day, a poor farmer lost his entire
livestock to flood. He prayed hard to God for help or his family would die of
starvation. Few days later, an old man with long grey beard, passed by his
house took pity on him. He gave him a goose and said “ I don’t have any
expensive thing to give you and hope this goose will help you to ease your
hardship.” A week later to almost surprise the farmer found and egg in his
yard. This was no ordinary egg. It was a golden egg. He was suddenly overcome
with joy. Thereafter, his livelihood had rapidly improved but the farmer had
forgotten his earlier hardship. He became lazy, arrogant and spendthrift.
Strangely, the goose only laid one golden egg every six months. The greedy
farmer lost his patient and slaughtered his goose thinking there were plenty of
golden eggs inside its stomach. Though he very much regretted for his
foolishness, it’s already too late.
1. Snow White
Orientation
Once upon a time there lived a little girl named Snow White. She lived with her Aunt and Uncle because her parents were dead.
(Suatu ketika, hiduplah seorang gadis bernama Snow White. Dia tinggal bersama paman dan bibinya, karena orangtuanya telah meninggal.)
Complication 1
One day she heard her Uncle and Aunt talking about leaving Snow White in the castle because they both wanted to go to America and they didn’t have enough money to take Snow White.
Snow White did not want her Uncle and Aunt to do this so she decided it would be best if she ran away. The next morning she ran away from home when her Aunt and Uncle were having breakfast. She ran away into the woods.
(Suatu hari dia mendengar paman dan bibinya berbicara tentang rencana meninggalkan istana karena mereka berdua ingin pergi ke Ameria dan mereka tidak mempunyai cukup uang untuk membawa serta Snow White.)
(Snow White tidak ingin paman dan bibinya melakukan hal tersebut, sehingga dia memutuskan akan lebih baik jika dia pergi. Pagi harinya dia pergi dari rumah ketika paman dan bibi nya sedang sarapan. Dia lari ke dalam hutan.)
Resolution 1
Then she saw this little cottage. She knocked but no one answered so she went inside and fell asleep.
Meanwhile, the seven dwarfs were coming home from work. They went inside. There they found Snow White sleeping. Then Snow White woke up. She saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs said, “what is your name?” Snow White said, “My name is Snow White.”
Once upon a time there lived a little girl named Snow White. She lived with her Aunt and Uncle because her parents were dead.
(Suatu ketika, hiduplah seorang gadis bernama Snow White. Dia tinggal bersama paman dan bibinya, karena orangtuanya telah meninggal.)
Complication 1
One day she heard her Uncle and Aunt talking about leaving Snow White in the castle because they both wanted to go to America and they didn’t have enough money to take Snow White.
Snow White did not want her Uncle and Aunt to do this so she decided it would be best if she ran away. The next morning she ran away from home when her Aunt and Uncle were having breakfast. She ran away into the woods.
(Suatu hari dia mendengar paman dan bibinya berbicara tentang rencana meninggalkan istana karena mereka berdua ingin pergi ke Ameria dan mereka tidak mempunyai cukup uang untuk membawa serta Snow White.)
(Snow White tidak ingin paman dan bibinya melakukan hal tersebut, sehingga dia memutuskan akan lebih baik jika dia pergi. Pagi harinya dia pergi dari rumah ketika paman dan bibi nya sedang sarapan. Dia lari ke dalam hutan.)
Resolution 1
Then she saw this little cottage. She knocked but no one answered so she went inside and fell asleep.
Meanwhile, the seven dwarfs were coming home from work. They went inside. There they found Snow White sleeping. Then Snow White woke up. She saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs said, “what is your name?” Snow White said, “My name is Snow White.”
Doc, one of the dwarfs, said, “If you wish, you may live here with us.” Snow White said, “Oh could I? Thank you.” Then Snow White told the dwarfs the whole story and finally Snow White and the 7 dwarfs lived happily ever after.
(Kemudian dia melihat gubuk kecil. Dia mengetuk pintu tetapi tidak ada yang menjawab sehingga dia masuk dan merasa ngantuk.)
(Sementara itu, tujuh kurcaci telah pulang dari pekerjaannya. Mereka masuk. Di sana mereka menemukan Snow White tertidur. Kemudian Snow White terbangun. Dia melihat kurcaci tersebut. Kurcaci tersebut berkata "Siapa nama kamu?" Snow White menjawab, "Nama saya Snow White.")
(Doc, salah satu dari kurcaci tersebut berkata, "Jika kamu mau, kamu bisa tinggal di sini bersama kami." Snow White berkata, "Oh, bolehkah? Terima kasih." Kemudian Snow White menceritakan semua kisahnya dan akhirnya Snow White dan 7 kurcaci hidup bahagian selamanya.)
2. Three Fishes
Orientation
Once, three fishes lived in a pond. One evening, some fishermen passed by the pond and saw the fishes. 'This pond is full of fish', they told each other excitedly. 'We have never fished here before. We must come back tomorrow morning with our nets and catch these fish!' Then the fishermen left.
(Suatu ketika, terdapatlah tiga ikan yang hidup di sebuah kolam. Di suatu sore, beberapa nelayan melewati kolam tersebut dan melihat ikan-ikan itu. "Kolam ini penuh dengan ikan", merka berbicara satu sama lian dengan bergairah. "Kita belum pernah memancing di sini sebelumnya. Kita harus datang lagi besok pagi dengan jaring kita dan manangkap ikan-ikan ini!" Kemudian nelayan-nelayan tersebut pergi.)
Complication
When the eldest of the three fishes heard this, he was troubled. He called the other fishes together and said, 'Did you hear what the fishermen said? We must leave this pond at once. The fishermen will return tomorrow and kill us all!' The second of the three fishes agreed. 'You are right', he said. 'We must leave the pond.'
(Ketika ikan yang paling tua mendengar ini, dia gelisah. Dia memanggil ikan-ikan yang lain dan berkata, 'Apakah kamu dengar apa yang dikatakan nelayan itu? Kita harus meninggalkan kolam ini. Nelayan itu akan kembali besok dan membunuh kita semua!' Ikan kedua setuju. 'Kamu benar', dia berkata. 'Kita harus meninggalkan kolam ini.')
But the youngest fish laughed. 'You are worrying without reason', he said. 'We have lived in this pond all our lives, and no fisherman has ever come here. Why should these men return? I am not going anywhere - my luck will keep me safe.'
(Tetapi ikan yang paling muda tertawa. 'Kamu cemas tanpa ada alasan', dia berkata. 'Kita telah tinggal di kolam ini semur hidup kita, dan tidak ada nelayan yang datang kesini. Kenapa harus orang-orang itu kembali? Saya tidak akan pergi kemana-mana - keberuntunganku akan menyelamatkan ku.')
Reslution
The eldest of the fishes left the pond that very evening with his entire family. The second fish saw the fishermen coming in the distance early next morning and left the pond at once with all his family. The third fish refused to leave even then.
(Ikan tertua meninggalkan kolam tersebut pada sora hari dengan seluruh keluarganya. Ikan kedua melihat nelayan datang di kejauhan pada pagi hari dan meninggalkan kolam tersebut dengan seluruh keluarganya. Ikan ketiga tetap menolak untuk pergi.)
The fishermen arrived and caught all the fish left in the pond. The third fish's luck did not help him - he too was caught and killed.
(Nelayan tersebut pun datang dan menangkap semua ikan yang tertinggal di kolam. Keberuntungan ikan ketiga tidak menyelamatkannya - dia juga tertangkap dan dibunuh.)
The fish who saw trouble ahead and acted before it arrived as well as the fish who acted as soon as it came both survived. But the fish who relied only on luck and did nothing at all died. So also in life.
(Ikan yang cemas dahulu dan bertindak sebelum nelayan datang dan ikan yang tertindak ketika nelayan datang bershasil selamat. Tetapi ikan yang mempercayakan hanya pada keberuntungan dan tidak berbuat apa-apa semuanya mati. Begitu juga pada kehidupan.)
(Kemudian dia melihat gubuk kecil. Dia mengetuk pintu tetapi tidak ada yang menjawab sehingga dia masuk dan merasa ngantuk.)
(Sementara itu, tujuh kurcaci telah pulang dari pekerjaannya. Mereka masuk. Di sana mereka menemukan Snow White tertidur. Kemudian Snow White terbangun. Dia melihat kurcaci tersebut. Kurcaci tersebut berkata "Siapa nama kamu?" Snow White menjawab, "Nama saya Snow White.")
(Doc, salah satu dari kurcaci tersebut berkata, "Jika kamu mau, kamu bisa tinggal di sini bersama kami." Snow White berkata, "Oh, bolehkah? Terima kasih." Kemudian Snow White menceritakan semua kisahnya dan akhirnya Snow White dan 7 kurcaci hidup bahagian selamanya.)
2. Three Fishes
Orientation
Once, three fishes lived in a pond. One evening, some fishermen passed by the pond and saw the fishes. 'This pond is full of fish', they told each other excitedly. 'We have never fished here before. We must come back tomorrow morning with our nets and catch these fish!' Then the fishermen left.
(Suatu ketika, terdapatlah tiga ikan yang hidup di sebuah kolam. Di suatu sore, beberapa nelayan melewati kolam tersebut dan melihat ikan-ikan itu. "Kolam ini penuh dengan ikan", merka berbicara satu sama lian dengan bergairah. "Kita belum pernah memancing di sini sebelumnya. Kita harus datang lagi besok pagi dengan jaring kita dan manangkap ikan-ikan ini!" Kemudian nelayan-nelayan tersebut pergi.)
Complication
When the eldest of the three fishes heard this, he was troubled. He called the other fishes together and said, 'Did you hear what the fishermen said? We must leave this pond at once. The fishermen will return tomorrow and kill us all!' The second of the three fishes agreed. 'You are right', he said. 'We must leave the pond.'
(Ketika ikan yang paling tua mendengar ini, dia gelisah. Dia memanggil ikan-ikan yang lain dan berkata, 'Apakah kamu dengar apa yang dikatakan nelayan itu? Kita harus meninggalkan kolam ini. Nelayan itu akan kembali besok dan membunuh kita semua!' Ikan kedua setuju. 'Kamu benar', dia berkata. 'Kita harus meninggalkan kolam ini.')
But the youngest fish laughed. 'You are worrying without reason', he said. 'We have lived in this pond all our lives, and no fisherman has ever come here. Why should these men return? I am not going anywhere - my luck will keep me safe.'
(Tetapi ikan yang paling muda tertawa. 'Kamu cemas tanpa ada alasan', dia berkata. 'Kita telah tinggal di kolam ini semur hidup kita, dan tidak ada nelayan yang datang kesini. Kenapa harus orang-orang itu kembali? Saya tidak akan pergi kemana-mana - keberuntunganku akan menyelamatkan ku.')
Reslution
The eldest of the fishes left the pond that very evening with his entire family. The second fish saw the fishermen coming in the distance early next morning and left the pond at once with all his family. The third fish refused to leave even then.
(Ikan tertua meninggalkan kolam tersebut pada sora hari dengan seluruh keluarganya. Ikan kedua melihat nelayan datang di kejauhan pada pagi hari dan meninggalkan kolam tersebut dengan seluruh keluarganya. Ikan ketiga tetap menolak untuk pergi.)
The fishermen arrived and caught all the fish left in the pond. The third fish's luck did not help him - he too was caught and killed.
(Nelayan tersebut pun datang dan menangkap semua ikan yang tertinggal di kolam. Keberuntungan ikan ketiga tidak menyelamatkannya - dia juga tertangkap dan dibunuh.)
The fish who saw trouble ahead and acted before it arrived as well as the fish who acted as soon as it came both survived. But the fish who relied only on luck and did nothing at all died. So also in life.
(Ikan yang cemas dahulu dan bertindak sebelum nelayan datang dan ikan yang tertindak ketika nelayan datang bershasil selamat. Tetapi ikan yang mempercayakan hanya pada keberuntungan dan tidak berbuat apa-apa semuanya mati. Begitu juga pada kehidupan.)